A Narrative Review on The Beneficial Effects of Lactobacillus Probiotics Against Necrotic Enteritis in Poultry

Sehar  Razzaq; Qazal  Hina; Muhammad  Muneeb; Rana Haider  Ali; Arooj  Fatima; Muhammad  Asnan; Waqar  Iqbal; Muhammad Tahir Sarfraz Khan

doi:10.71320/bcs.0004

Authors

Sehar Razzaq Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9741-8844
Qazal Hina Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5908-8931
Muhammad Muneeb Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8215-2677
Rana Haider Ali Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5540-8625
Arooj Fatima Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9842-1213
Muhammad Asnan Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0945-8083
Waqar Iqbal Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazardous (Beijing) of the ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7721-2034
Muhammad Tahir Sarfraz Khan Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4011-4833

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.71320/bcs.0004

Keywords:

Clostridium perfringens, Antibiotic resistance, Probiotics, Intestine inflammation

Abstract

Necrotic enteritis is an important disease of poultry that causes economic loss to the broiler industry. Clostridium perfringens is an important bacterium that is responsible for causing necrotic enteritis. Antibiotics are mainly used to control C. perfringens but due to resistance antibiotics are banned in many countries like Canada, Hong Kong, and the European Union. Many alternatives such as probiotics, essential oils, and postbiotics have been developed to control C. perfringens. Among them, probiotics are very important because they can increase beneficial bacteria in the intestine, create a competitive environment in the gut region, and prevent the adhesion and colonization of pathogenic bacteria such as C. perfringens. Probiotics cause immune system modulation, reducing inflammatory markers such as cytokines. Lactobacillus based probiotics also cause weight gain, improve feed conversion ratio, and decrease mortality in poultry which in turn increase profit margin. Several studies have reported that when poultry populations were challenged with C. perfringens then these probiotics prevented intestinal lesions, provided anti-inflammatory effects to the intestine, prevented damage to the villi, and did not allow C. perfringens to form its colony in the intestine. The main aim of this review paper is to explain the updated information on necrotic enteritis, the damages caused to the gut, and the mechanism of actions through which Lactobacilli work against C. perfringens.

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